Industry 5.0: Humans and Machines are Mutually Inclusive

What Industry 4.0 promised us was a future replete with innovation and automation, a future where Humans are accustomed to Driverless cars with artificial intelligence (AI) and automated supermarkets run by collaborative robots or cobots working alongside humans. This core ideology of Industry 4.0 gave rise to the one big question - What will be the impact of this extreme automation, turbocharged by the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Big Data?

Industry 4.0 mainly focuses on shifting the laborious task of mass production to what we can call an automated factory. The IoT thrives on - broadband wireless internet connectivity, miniaturized sensors embedded in animate and inanimate objects, and AI and robots making understanding of Big Data amassed by sensors. Industry 4.0 is a high-end program for automating the manufacturing industry and establishing the so-called "Smart Factories ". As quoted by Mr. Anand Prakash (CEO and Founder at Farm for Full Potential LLP) -

" Industry 4.o is still based on industry 3.o where we are talking
 about interconnected machines through intelligent data connectivity 
 and internet. We call it a cyber-physical system, where machine-to-machine
 communication happens and we can achieve a higher order of efficiency. 
 Where the focus is on efficiency and production"

But extreme automation until "everything is connected to everything else" poses vulnerabilities and uncertainties. Remotely, highly integrated systems are vulnerable to systemic risks such as total network breakdown in the event of insolvency or failure of one of its components, for instance, by hacking or Internet viruses, or malware that can fully penetrate integrated systems. Secondly, extreme connectivity accounts for new social and political power structures. If left unchecked, they might lead to autocratic governance by one person in total control of network power, directly or through her/his connected delegates.

INDUSTRY 5.0 - WHAT'S NEW?

Elon Musk (Tesla CEO) tweeted that- "Yes, excessive automation at Tesla was a mistake. To be precise, my mistake. Humans are underrated."

Industry 5.0 aims at mass personalization – the human element in addition to foundations of automation and efficiency laid by its predecessor. Industry 5.0 utilizes IoT but differs from Industry 4.0 automation systems by having three-dimensional symmetry in innovation and ecosystem design - firstly, a built-in safe exit strategy in case of the demise of hyperconnected established digital knowledge networks. Precisely, such safe exists are orthogonal—and they allow "digital detox" by employing pathways unrelated or unaffected by automated networks, for instance, electronic patient records versus material and article trails on vital medical information ; secondly, equal stress on both acceleration and deceleration of innovation if depreciating returns become ostensible; and finally the next-gen social science and humanities (SSH) research for global governance of emerging technologies: "Post-ELSI Technology Evaluation Research"

(PETER). Primarily, PETER contemplates the technological opportunity costs, ethics, ethics-of-ethics, epistemology, independence, and reflexivity of SSH research in technology policymaking. Industry 5.0 is supposed to harness extreme automation and Big Data with sanctuary. What we need to understand is that though robots have higher consistency than humans and are better at work which needs a high degree of precision, they lack the critical thinking and adaptability that define us as humans.

INDUSTRY 5.0 AND ITS INDUSTRIAL BENEFITS

Marc Beaulieu, vice president of Global Operations at Rogers said “Industry 5.0 recognizes that man and machine must be interconnected to meet the manufacturing complexity of the future in dealing with increasing customization through an optimized robotized manufacturing process.”

Here are 3 main virtues that Industry 5.0 is embedded with owing to its principles and applications.

Optimizing the cost - Industry 5.0 aims in achieving the highest level of perfection by optimizing cost-effectiveness by developing business models that use the least resources and obtain the highest profit. Since we will have humans and machines working together, the industries will enjoy the best of both worlds - the precision of automated machine work and the innovative yet adaptive bent of the human mind. Many products including engine blocks that can be made by humans in a low-lighted factory will save huge costs not only to the manufacturer but also to the customers since they wouldn't need to bear the additional cost of high-maintenance machine production.

Being Greener and Eco-friendly - None other Industrial Revolution prior to Industry 5.0 had environment protection and retention a its primary or core principle. Industry 5.0 is well determined on changing this trend, which has led to the emergence of sustainable corporate technologies and sensitivities like minimal generation of waste and its management, cross-cutting processes have also proved to be of high efficiency. This shift is in line with what international standards, government regulations, and consumers have been increasingly demanding.

Automation meets Creativity - Industry 5.0 will leverage the potential of technology, but will also find room for humans to implement their own ideas that lead to a product that is developed with personalization in mind. The use of high-end machinery should be limited to the process of manufacturing, but not the designs. Human designers tend to be more unique and creative by putting their imagination and efforts, which is true personalization and often a symbol of luxury for modern buyers, who want to buy and invest in the products that are exclusive to them in terms of customization. Furthermore, the automation accomplished during Industry 4.0 permits workers to free themselves from certain repetitive and monotonous tasks, hence focusing on crafting and coming up with more powerful strategies or apply their creativity.

THE 6 Rs

Michael Rada put forth another vision for Industry 5.0. Rada states that the priority of Industry

5.0 is "to utilize efficiently workforce of machines and people, in synergy with the environment. It goes back from a virtual environment to a real one." The theme of this vision is Industrial Upcycling. This vision focuses on waste prevention. Furthermore, Rada emphasizes that we needto turn back to the human element in the manufacturing process. He criticizes the current digitization trend that is the effort to embed 1s and 0s into any living organism.

According to Rada, Industry 5.0 incorporates the 6R methodology.

1. Recognize: Recognizing the opportunities offered by Industrial Upcycling. Awareness is the first essential step.

2. Reconsider: Evaluation and reconsideration of the business and the manufacturing process. A redesigning of processes to realize the benefits of Industrial Upcycling is an essential step.

3. Realize: After recognition of the opportunities and reconsideration of business processes, we need to realize the business process improvement or innovation.

4. Reduce: Reduction in the use of resources to achieve efficient outcomes is the essence of the methodology.

5. Reuse: Reusing the materials considered as useable before process improvement is also atthe center of the methodology.

6. Recycle: Recycling as much as possible is one of the main expected outcomes of theIndustrial Upcycling effort. Naturally, the ideal is zero waste.

6R methodology represents a business improvement model. Depending on the distinct case, it can be considered as a business process improvement or a business process innovation.

Therefore, the 6R methodology is subject to the rules, assumptions, and dynamics of process improvement efforts. L.E.D. (Logistics Efficiency Design). It's designed for increasing the efficiency of the global supply chain, with the intent to diminish the waste created by the currentmodern standard buyer-supplier business relations. L.E.D is the concurrent application of transparency, profit sharing, and efficiency in the supply chain.

GLOBAL OUTLOOK

According to HSRC's "Global Industry 4.0 Market and Technologies 2018-2023 " report the global industry 4.0 market is supposed to hit a spike of US$214 billion by the end of 2023. Both developed and developing economies are adopting Industry 4.0 in their work culture to enhance their manufacturing competitiveness. Countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia are implementing and embracing Industry 4.0 to truncate their industries to a higher center for economic benefits and economic giants are shifting to an even higher level of innovation and competitiveness. For instance, Japan – a technological powerhouse, had launched the “Revitalization Strategy 2016” to stimulate growth in advanced production sectors. The policy aims to develop on Japan's innate strengths in manufacturing and technology while aiming for the development of US$ 1.3 trillion of new industries and 4.7 million jobs by 2020. Similarly, Singapore, a high-end manufacturing and production hub, recently launched the “Singapore Smart Industry Readiness Index” to provide a common framework to prompt companies to start, scale, and sustain Industry 4.0 efforts.

China, already accounting for approximately 25 percent of the world’s manufacturing activity, is attempting to seal the gap in manufacturing prowess with Japan and Germany by encompassing new technologies. Initiatives such as “Scientific Innovation 2030” and “Made in China 2025” are further enabling manufacturers to prioritize Industry 4.0.

THE INDIAN MARKET

The Indian government estimates India’s manufacturing sector would cut through US$ 1 trillion by 2025. However, manufacturers require to advance beyond the current state in order to move to the next stage and permeate the critical technological gaps., and overcome factors like manual inputs, lack of ICT integration in manufacturing, and critical gaps in capability.

To that end, the government’s ‘Make in India’ initiative is providing the groundwork for both small and large companies to develop advanced manufacturing capabilities and invest in technology upgradation. Moreover, programs such as Green Corridors and Smart Cities have been launched to support critical technology interventions across various industries. Besides creating jobs, these initiatives appeal to a new generation of operators with different values and skills that boost synergies.

Companies like SIEMENS are Driving the Industrial IoT by vertically integrating Operating Technology and Information Technology. Vertical integration adds data analytic capabilities on a ground-level i.e., the shop floor. Operation Technology (OT) has synced and merged with information technology (IT) hence providing new optimization potential ranging from predictive maintenance and condition monitoring to improvised validation and quality management process and bring forth new business models, such as pay per use. The approach also facilitates the use of artificial intelligence with industrial applications. A prerequisite for vertical integration is ensuring seamless data throughout across all interfaces, from different field devices and systems to higher-level control systems and platforms, and even the cloud.

Given India’s aspiration to move up the share manufacturing contributes to GDP from 16% now to 25% by 2022, creating 100 million additional jobs in the process, companies must pull up medium and long-term strategic programs to comprise the advantages of Industry 4.0.

EMS and 5.0

The compliance to invest in new manufacturing technologies will settle which EMS providers will win new clients. But, there’s more to this than just new technology. Increasingly Industry 4.0 and even Industry 5.0 will offer competitive advantages to those companies who add strides in communication and connectivity to their technology.

"Digitization allows EMS providers to respond more effectively and efficiently to customer needs because it adds the capabilities of automation and connected data to the manufacturing processes."

In this decade, EMS partners will comprehensively adopt automated equipment and make robust use of smart technologies to provide higher productivity, more efficient use of resources, faster time to ramp, and improved quality control. The stimulation of product allocation and product obsolescence is still going to be major factors that push OEMs to rely on the supply chain knowledge and expertise of EMS partners.

The consumer market has already embraced personalized items– and the industrial electronics sector will follow soon. OEMs will increasingly necessitate different material finishes, branding options, software configurations, add-ons, plug-ins, ancillary items, and language options. And they will expect them made to order and delivered the following day. Connected, the data-driven tech will be crucial to meet the demand, but so too will a flexible supply chain. Orders initiated by client demand will be automatically sent to suppliers and delivered within the hour. In addition, the EMS provider will no longer process, re-pack, and re-locate large orders of stock. Instead, the supply chain partners will take responsibility for this service and deliver smaller batches more frequently. We can expect a just-in-time supply. Additive manufacturing will also assist such personalization. It will be deployed throughout the assembly lines and test processes to produce hops on-demand, along with any bespoke tools required.

INDUSTRY 5.0 AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS

Industry 5.0 may seem overwhelming on the surface but it also comes with some major drawbacks due to its difficult adaptability.

· Humans will need to develop a completely new set of skills in order to adapt and survive in Industry

5.0. Working along robots may sound all exciting but the truth is working along something which is only a technical manifestation of human consciousness and is unable to understand any dialect other than 1s and 0s will be a tough challenge for the industry workers.

· The adoption of new technology has always been a tedious task and has taken time and effort. How will the manufacturing industry implement it all? What are the industry 5.0 technologies? Customized software connecting factories, real-time data, collaborative robotics, 3D printing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT), Cloud are only a few to name. Hence people might have to learn new technologies and technical skills even when they are in their beta state or rather not fully developed into a prototype, hence reducing the gap between the launch date and mastered date of the upcoming technologies.

· Furthermore, these technologies need a good deal of investment. A UR Cobot doesn't come cheap at all. Training people for the new jobs also adds to the companies’ cost. Certain companies may find it difficult to upgrade their production lines for Industry 5.0. Even if financing is not a problem, the rhythm of change might be and those who cannot afford it or are too slow in adopting Industry 5.0 may be left behind.

ARE INDIANS READY TO WELCOME THE FIFTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

The primary fear that strives among the Indian masses that with the advent of the 5th industrial revolution they might have to face an issue of mass-scale unemployment. A large section of society is subjected to the loss of their jobs to their fellow mechanical and automated counterparts. On the brighter side, Industry 5.0 might lead to job transformation rather than job substitution. The robots are restricted to performing tasks only that they are programmed to do. Any form of automation needs human supervision, the human operator is responsible for programming the robot and installing it based on the needs of the production company, which will cause an upsurge in the technical and backend job opportunities and may give way to new diverse fields which didn't exist in the first place.

We have come a long way from steam engines to self-driving electric cars and it's only a matter of time that we step into the era where humans will have Autobots as their work colleagues. According to, S. Sriram's, GM, Industry Sales, Factory Automation & Industrial Division, Mitsubishi Electric India Pvt Ltd, words - " It is safe to say that Industry 5.0 is already on the horizon and is set to focus on co- operation between human and the machine. We are have already set the mark, we have designed the collaborative robots to ensure collaboration with humans at the workplace to do efficient operations."